"Cyanoacrylate glue has a low shearing strength, which has led to its use as a temporary adhesive in cases where the piece needs to be sheared off later. Common examples include mounting a workpiece to a sacrificial glue block on a lathe, and tightening pins and bolts. It is also used in conjunction with another slower, but more resilient, adhesive as a way of rapidly forming a joint, which then holds the pieces in the appropriate configuration until the second adhesive has set.
Cyanoacrylate-based glue has a weak bond with smooth surfaces and as such easily gives to friction"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanoacrylate
And yes I have used rapid glue like this to secure nuts and bolts so they don't come loose through vibration or what have you. On cars, bicycles and industrial machinery.
The 'super' bit is just marketing, like 'Krazy' glue. It bonds great with organic and porous materials. Have a look at the link provided.