There’s a few in west side story, Mambo, Cool, The Rumble which are sufficiently challenging. I’ve also posted a few times about Let’s Have Lunch from Sunset Boulevard, basically an 8 minute walking bass exercise that uses every key, time signature, fret known to man with a few soli sections thrown in for good measure.
Overall the newer musicals tend to be a bit more interesting for bass, I’ve had When You’re an Addams on the brain at the moment although fortunately is not as fast as I initially thought.