Who wants to be Technical? Well nobody does really but as others have said, there are too many other variables to take account to just say a 4x10 is louder than a 1x15.
Efficiency, Xmax, impedance and many more impact the perceived loudness/volume of a cabinet. Is it sealed, ported or some form of horn?
It is like saying a 3.5 litre car is faster than a 1 litre. Put the 3.5 litre engine in a Hummer and my 1.0 litre Turbocharged Suzuki will our accelerate and have a higher top speed.
What you can say is that is 4 10” drivers should be louder than a single 15” if they are in similar cabinets and the drivers are of similar quality.