At peak, my P bass measured roughly 0.6Vpk (gave it a right twonk). Line level is 1.737Vpk. So after a few calculations, roughly 9dB of gain is needed to bring instrument level up to line level. Obviously this will vary significantly every time you repeat it but it offers a fundamental starting point.
For single supply rails you have to DC bias the signal to allow full swing through an op amp. Biasing a 9v battery at 4.5v theoretically gives you 3.9Vpk of gain to play with. Practically it will be less, more like 3Vpk because op amps wont swing fully to their supply rails. Don't take my word on this but I think your average 9v battery can kick out around 12dB before distorting.
Thus deducting, a 9v battery will suffice. 18v means you can push a much greater signal out of the bass for driving the next stage if required.