Phil Starr

That could have just been boundary reinforcement. Placing a sub back against a wall means the sound is all going forwards reinforcing the sound levels, in fact all the surrounding surfaces will have the same effect so if it is in a corner you have the side wall floor and rear wall all reflecting and increasing the sound levels from the sub. You need to turn the sub right down in this situation. Of course it would also be closer to the drummer (obvs) and to you if you were standing next to them.

You've pretty much worked it out. You'll soon hear bass feedback though, it isn't subtle and I'd treat the kick mic with some respect and maybe start with it a touch lower than usual. Not because it is behind as Bill has already said but because it might be closer to the mics. If you're using just one sub I quite like mine under one of the tops. It's makes at least one of the tops more audience proof. One tip is to put a cardboard pyramid on top of tha sub, it stops people putting their drinks on it

Oh goody, this is turning into a reminiscence 😂😁 I was going to say in response to @Bill Fitzmaurice that we really strugled over here in the late 60's/early 70's as the better US made speakers like EV and JBL were fearsomely expensive over here. Of the three speaker brands mentioned Fane were the budget brand at the time but 12" speakers at the affordable end were usually rated at around 25-30W as John has pointed out, and WEM's 4x10 columns were rated at under 100W. Top end response generally at the time was provided by having a second smaller cone added to the front of the voice coil former called a whizzer cone. Voice coils were short to keep the efficiency up as high as possible and the speakers literally bunt out if pushed hard as the coil was wrapped around a paper former and stuck together with a protein based glue. Replacing speakers was a regular task. There wasn't a lot of choice of ready made PA speakers around and a lot of small custom builders. To get the most out of an expensive speaker I built a lot of very big horn cabinets and I spent weeks designing a hybrid cab which came out within an inch or two in every dimension of the Altec A7. At the time they sounded really good but I do wonder how they woulkd compare now. I doubt that those 4x10 columns would compete well with todays cabs, even cheap ones. However there is nothing wrong with the theoretical advantages of a column speaker in terms of dispersion and it offers a chance to move the crossover point(s) away from the critical midrange where our hearing is most sensitive.

OK that sounds interesting. I quite like a challenge so tell us about the band, what's the theme? What is the line up and where will you be playing? Which instruments willyou be putting through this PA? Do you have a budget in mind? Technically a 'line' isn't a bad idea, hence all the 'me-too' sub and a stick systems or the touring bands true line arrays. There's absolutely no reason why something like Bill's design above couldn't work extremely well and there are other solutions which would give you the same visuals but with modern performance levels. You can hide a lot behind a speaker grille and I'm picturing something like the old WEM 4x10's, I believe you can still get the old style grille cloth and the vinyl speaker covering if you wanted to make it really authentic. A quick calculation shows it wouldn't be difficult to make a 4x8 with a response 3db down at 50Hz and 900W handling and 127dB output. That's AES ratings, Yamaha, RCF and most of the rest add an extra 6db so its 3,600W and 133db if you want to compare it with commercial cabs claims How would you be powering this speaker? Your biggest problem in the design will be the crossover.

I'm not convinced as to why you would do this either. These were built in the days when materials science hadn't caught up with PA needs and gear was very expensive. PA was still largely about getting as much sound as possible out of speakers that wouldn't handle huge amounts of power so multiple cheap drivers was the rule of the day. Plus of course th excellent dispersion patterns of vertical arrays. Using two 12's for mids is a bit odd as they already have issues in the mid-range. The truth is that these things were never great and it took all we had in those days to coax a decent sound out of them. Thre were a few 4x12 collumns with horns ( I vaguely remember WEM made some) but they were uber-expensive at the time and beyond the reach of most bands. This was Pink Floyd's touring rig in 1969

I'm not surprised you got this from the Gnome. I have one which I use with my LFSys Monaco which has a similar sound to the Monza. We actually measured the frequency response of the Gnome at the SW Bass Bash a couple of years agao and with the controls set to 12.00 they are a long way from flat. There's a pronounced mid scoop at 400 Hz, and the treble response is like the side of a hill agressively rising to way abve the upper frequencise of a bass, That will be boosting all the high frequency noise in your system and giving you the 'brittle' sound. Back the treble to around 9.00 o'clock and the treble resonse will be almost flat. Advance the mid control to 2.00 if you want to lose the scoop and 11.00 will flatten a little bass hump that exists. I'm assuming that the treble boost baked into the Gnome is to give a sort of bright hi-fi sound out of speakers that don't have a horn. The Monza is just reproducing that honestly. In fact re-eq everything and report back please. I haven't had the chance to try the Monza ( the only LFS that I haven't tried) and it does intrigue me.

I feel your pain, one of my drummers was also trained as a sound engineer and a gear head. Drummers by nature seem to be sound heads too. One cymbal sounds like another to me but they can be very particular about their kit. Eventually that band which was so full of promise broke up because partly because the rest of the band got fed up with time wasted at rehearsals. Equally the two things that take time with every band at gigs are the kit and the PA. I do PA for my bands and drummist and I are always first to arrive and last to leave. In this case I don't think it makes things more complex. Hopefully you'll end up with a 'stagebox' type mixer run with a laptop or tablet. From the bands point of view this is like the business end of an old fashioned 'snake' and they can all just plug in whatever they use. I've labelled up the sockets for my lot to plug in to. As people plug in you can see what they've done and if it is all working on screen so no need for any more one-two's and broken leads/hum loops etc show up straight away. At the end of the gig you can save the settings and after a couple of gigs use the same set up every time. Most/some of these mixers will even do the room eq for you. The band furthest down the line/early adopters now sort out their own in-ears, again labelled sockets on the mixer but they can (and do) all use their phones to adjust their own mixes without affecting anyone elses. There will be a few gigs getting used to it but eventually it will be simpler/quicker IME. Funnily enough I also have a semi-acoustic duo. I must admit that so far we don't use in ears, I sing more in the duo and it's quite nice to keep the noise levels down and listen to the 'air' I keep having to stop my singer/guitarist from upping his own volume though. Honestly it's worth the journey though, let them sort out the in-ears for themselves then I suggest you try them for yourself. It'll save your hearing and improve your playing (nothing like me hearing every mistake I make to help me up my game). It is the future and I'd never go back to the average band's volume wars. Good luck with your band

I think it's OK not to want to pay for something you don't really understand so the problem is who pays for it. You also need to ask yourself what you are demanding of them. Then maybe you can discuss the real issue which is money. Technically you need a new desk to improve your monitoring. Until maybe 10 years ago this was almost impossible within a pub band budget but now digital desks are as cheap as similar quality analogue desks and a lot more capable. The big advance is the availability of 6+ aux outputs so everyone who wants can have a separately mixed monitoring channel. You can put these separate mixes through monitor speakers but most pub bands never play on stages big enough to get a separation of sound. Ear plugs don't really work as they always block some frequencies more than others and if your guys are talking about tinnitus the probability is that they already have some hearing loss. The further probability is that it is your band that is causing that loss. If you resist this then you are asking them to continue to lose their hearing so you can stick to what you know. That is a huge ask. It is perfectly reasonable for you to say you can't afford it or to say you don't want in-ears yourself (though in the end your hearing will be damaged too). Your band need a grown up discussion about money and I think you need to accept the decision to make the change. It will be all the better for you too in the end, you are pretty lucky to have people in the band with the expertise and energy to make this change. In-ear monitors will improve their playing and singing and the new mixer will improve your FOH sound for the audience and hopefully more and better gigs as a result. I'm sure that thinking about this you won't feel you can ask them to suffer further hearing damage. If it helps I sold my old analogue desk and got 60% of the cost of my digital desk back from the sale. Maybe as a band give the drummer a fee from one of your gigs to go towards his purchase. Once you realise you are just dicussing how to fund it things should move along a bit better.

Hi @martthebass so I don't know if you are working on this yet? If you have some headphones then you need to try out some things at rehearsal, though you can work on getting the best seal possible at home by swapping out the ear tips until you get the best fit which should cut out as much outside sound as possible and not keep falling out. If you have some good closed back over ear headphones though it is quite useful to start with those. It doesn't matter about how you look at rehearsal and it will protect your ears and is much more comfortable to work with initially. And you can pull them off easily when you need to talk with the rest of the band. I don't think we've talked about what monitors you are currently using but you can just use the aux channel to drive your headphones if it isn't already being used. If not the headphone channel or the monitor out willl do. If however the monitoring is good but just too loud then there is an altermative and that is to use 'ambient' monitoring. Use an extra mic to pick up the band's sound feed that to a headphone amp and into your in-ears, the bonus of this method is you get to hear the audience noise and everything your band members say. A hack that works is to use a mini recorder to do this, it has the mic and headphone amp built into a single case. I've tried this with a Zoom H4N mounted on my mic stand and a little Olympus dictaphone type thing strung round my neck on a cord. Both worked brilliantly. You could probably use your 'phone if it has a jack socket. I found all of these work better than anything but the very best floor monitors and I could hear better than I could at 90% of the gigs I played. The ultimate though is to have your own mix

These were a staple of the pub band for years and the fact that so many are still going a credit to Yamaha, somebody (Peavey?) used to do a three amplifier version too. Yamaha didn't really overstate their specs in those days, I think they were 300W into 8 ohms whch matched their Club series SM112 speakers.

@thebrig you should feel frustrated at the ridiculous power ratings as well as the almost as ridiculous maximum sound levels. It makes rational choice almost impossible and is probably illegal in the UK but who has the power (no pun intended) or time to take legal action over false advertising. Power ratings are a moderately complex subject to negotiate/understand. The best advice is to ignore all the claims. Not least is that each speaker will have two power limits and the ratings for amplifiers are measured in a completely different way to speakers. Another is that to keep costs down people like Alto use the same amps in all their speakers in a range which is why they claim 2,000W in their 8,10,12 and 15" cabs. The reality is that the 8" speaker will handle around 100W (and not at all frequencies) the 10 around 200W and the 12 around 300W. The manufacturers build these cabs with digital processing that limits the amp power so the speakers never get near their limits and remain reliably in one piece. Remember that we are talking about budget level kit here compared with the £000's+ touring bands use. Even the best RCF/Yamaha gear pub bands use is more family car than formula 1. Performance at this level is clustered around a sweet spot of value for money. The idea that a £250 8" speaker is 2,000W is like saying your base level VW Lupo will go 0-60 in just over a second and has a maxumum speed of 900mph. 10 times reality. It's so ridiculous that it is laughable. Having said that since 2-300W will drive a 12" speaker to it's full potential and a lot of budget gear is really good there is no fear involved. I had the chance to compare a 10"Alto TS10 with my RCF ART310 on Tues and they are both really good speakers, I wouldn't have any trouble using either as vocal only PA. Alto make great kit for the money and Yamaha et al are all at it in selling with over-inflated claims. Incidentally it is very hard to get much more than 122dB out of a midrange 12" mid/bass driver so 132db SPL is a lie too. It's based upon the 2000W that doesn't exist. 132dB would almost instantaneously cause permanent hearing loss and be loud enough to be heard over a Boeing 747 20m away. So go away and have a look at decent used 12" active cabs from Yamaha, RCF, JBL, EV etc which will do you a job for a long while. Alto, Wharfedale, HH are cheaper but still good remembering you get what you pay for Alt TX's won't match the TS range for example and the Mackie Thumps aren't up to the Mackie SRM's. Don't worry about power

It's like so many things completely subjective. Old school thump, heft clean and so on mean different things to different people. No doubt people will come on to this thread and describe something as hi-fi when it is well know to add a colouring of it's own to your sound.Generally speaking it'll be as opposed to 'old-school' sound which in turn depends upon how old the person talking (typing?) is. Old school is usually boosted at 100Hz with little real bass scooped mids aroung 400Hz and without a lot of top end. Hi-fi then will generally be brighter sounding with less or no mid scoop and a lot more top end, but not everyone will agree of course. For me it's the sound of my bass but louder, and I practice at home with a Zoom and headphones or straight through the desk with studio monitors so that sound. I'd describe it as FRFR though (full range flat response) and it does me as a sound as it shows up all my mistakes which is what you want for a practice. Just like taste sound doesn't have very good adjectives. Try describing the difference between one curry and another, all different and there's a whole industry of food critics trying to describe food. We just don't have the words to accurately describe sound.

That's a monster set up. I used to own a Marshall 200W amp with four KT88's. It's crazy isn't it, I can't be bothered to take my Hartke 3500 to gigs because of the weight and don't use back linbe at all at most gigs but still hanker after stuff like this. Just typing KT88 makes me go all weak

Good man

I'm in a four piece covers band and like so many bassists I own and run the PA. Drummer and I arrive first and set up and are always last out at the end. Just like @Dan Dare I'm please don't try and help. The last thing I want is to sort out the mess they make. I've done everything I can to cut down set up and break down times. Mains leads are run first and are 6-way sockets wired on cables just long enough to run three sides of the stage (two 5m for the sides and a 10m across the back) leaving a 6-way in each corner. Any audio cables that need to run to the far side are run after that. The drummer has a mat the exact size of her kit and the cables are run just behind that. I have spares of everything incuding most of the things that band members forget and it all packs into a single storage box. Leads are all wound 'properly' and all have cable ties. I play with other bands and each band has it's own box with counted and checked leads. Our new guitarist had me down as obsessive/OCD but in everything else I'm quite chilled and relaxed but after 50 years of knocking down a stage you just realise having a system and all the right bits in all the right places saves you so much time and hassle and somebody helping by 'saving' you 30secs of lead winding and costing you 5 mins of untangling at the next gig or when you get home isn't a good deal. On the plus side all the band help out with the carrying and lifting I just don't let them pack the van any more than I let my wife pack the dish washer. Maybe I am a little bonkers

I believe you may be over thinking this. These Peavey's are pretty robust and repairable if they do go wrong. Leaving this amp open circuit won't cause a problem, that is for valve amp power stages and the odds of a momentary short from a jack causing damage with an amp turned down and with no signal going through the amp is miniscule. The real risk is the one you have identified, to your speakers. I've had a quick look at the circuit and it looks like there is a triac circuit which might be a pop suppressant. You've also got a split rail power supply and the two smoothing caps may be charging up at different rates giving a DC offset on switch on so there may be a problem there, i've had to replace these before. You'd see the cones jump and then slowly return if that was the case. It could be all sorts of other things including the mains switch. The mains switch would probably have some signs of arcing if it was that and yes you can use a capacitor/resistor circuit to supress that. I wouldn't advise anyone to start playing round with mains or the power supply caps unless they really know what they are doing. The power supply caps can store a significant charge for quite a long time and 150V DC is going to give you a much more significant shock than the mains. There is a small risk of death. Unless you can read the circuit diagram and are confident working with potentially lethal voltages your choice is simple either put up with turning the amp down on switch on and then connecting the speaker or take the amp to a trusted repairer.

Sorry though you put this up just before i posted my initial response and i missed it. It's a very clear picture of your band. I've seen many bands like yous managing with just a vocal PA and sounding pretty good. It's the hard way of doing things but for years was just about the only option, PA's werent up to much else within most bands budgets and it's the years of experience that make it work "Because we feel that our years of experience has resulted in knowing our equipment well, and how to get the best out of it without blasting the punter's ear drums," I'd never discount the importance of experience so if you wanted to stick with plan A there are loads of really cheap analogue mixers you could use to make a start with gigging. It sounds like the PA is going to be your problem though, it usually devolves to the bassist I'd stick to the advice of a digital mixer though but maybe reduce the strength of that recommendation. You can achieve what you want more cheaply but it would be better this way. It'll make your job easier. The digital mixers will be familiar to you in that they are usually stage box format. The same form as the lump on the end of a snake with all the sockets on. For your band members they just plug their leads into this. From your point of view you get something that looks like a tradiutional mixer but on your tablet or laptop screen. If you can use a mobile 'phone you can use the mixer. This all simplifies the work flow at the gigs. Switch on the mixer, checking everything is muted and recall the settings from your best ever gig, one button to press and all the controls on screen jump back to where you want them. As people plug in you'll see that everything is metered on screen so no need to go round shouting 'one-two' into mics. If somebody has a dodgy lead or a broken amp you can see that on the meters too usually, all without making a sound through the PA. You can take your tablet or laptop to the back of the room or a convenient table when you are ready to sound check and do any adjustments without having to go back and forth to the mixer. You can even ask most mixers to eq for the room. Your life will be easier even if you decide to go for vocal PA only. The mic pre-amps in most digital mixers are better than similarly priced analogue ones so there can be a sound advantage too. It's a win even if you never do all the hundreds of extra things available to you. Where it will really work for you though is if you do start getting bigger venues, you won't be loud enough with your current gear and it's a lot cheaper to have a capable PA do the heavy lifting than to have to change the backline and asking the drummer to have to work harder on a bigger kit. If you buy the right kit it's reassuring to know miking up what you have can do the job and as the person mixing you can add in extra functions without having to learn a new system when you are ready to make improvements. You can probably buy a cheap used analogue mixer for £100 and a digital mixer used for £300. The Behringer XR12 is £325 (with just enough channels) at Thomann, a used XR16 will do what you want and an XR18 would give you a lot of spare capacity you'll probably never use but at only marginal extra cost. If you want simple and reliable there's an RCF M18 on eBay at the moment. Have a quick look at Soundcraft too.

There's a good thread already on this forum and another one elsewhwere. The only two I've actually used are the Behringer XR18 and the RCF M18 now discontinued, which was what I bought. It's hard at the bottom end of the market to go past the Behringers. Re- reading your posts here the XR16 would probably do all you want and the XR 18 would cover every eventuality. At this price point I think the only other option at the moment is the Soundcraft Ui series, possibly the Zooms but they are more geared for studio and podcasting though some people are successfully using them for gigs.

And I note two guitars, bass, drums and vocals. I'm assuming you have back line and some bits and pieces like mic's and stands. I'm not going to try to tell you how to do it, that's probably another question and another thread. You'll need to make some decisions before you buy though. So as a minimum you'll need a couple of speakers, mixer and amps, stands to hold up the speakers and all the associated leads. Just like bass you can buy separate speakers and amps or a combo with both built in. In PA you can buy active speakers (the combo version) or separates passive PA speakers and amps. You can even buy a mixer with the amps built in. Almost everyone buying now will be buying active speakers with a passive PA mixer. You'll also need to think about monitoring. You ask what sort of power you'll need, that's a bit of a minefield not least because the manufacturers are in an arms race of exaggeration (lying?) about the power they rate their gear at, so much so that you should probably ignore any power figures. I'd say just go for a couple of the best active 12" speakers you can afford, most 12" speakers can only handle aroudn 300W before overloading so If you go for any of the decent brands they are actually only going to be running up to that sort of level before they start to distort and most will be plenty for the average UK pub. You can go for 10" or !5" units but 10's will probably struggle for most bands and 15's are just unnecessary weight (I have 15's, trust me here, I used to run 12's!) A pair of used but good 12" active PA speakers are going to cost you £300-450 for a pair and if you are lucky you'll get the stands thrown in. The good news is that there isn't a lot of rubbish out there and even some of the cheaper brands can sound OK. Before you choose your speakers however have a think about your mixer. You can fill a room from your backline and go for vocals only through PA and if you are goodat PA even get a reasonable sound but it's tough to do and the on'stage sound levels are going to be damaging to your hearing. What the audience will hear will be poorer too as the vocal mic's witll be picking up all that noise and distorting the audiences sound. Even if you don't do it from day one you'll eventually want to put more through the PA and turn down the on-stage levels. That means you'll need channels for everything so you need to buy a mixer that will grow with you. Inputs for all the instruments and mics and probably at least three channels for drums. What I'm leading up to is that if you can possibly afford it buy a digital mixer, they offer everything you need into a compact package and for the same facilities they work out much cheaper. The reality is that they will offer so much more, More than enough channels for any pub band, comprehensive tone controls on every input, flexible effects on every channel, graphic equaliser on the output to compensate for room acoustics and deal with feedback and a lot of automation to help you set up quickly, at a minimum you can save the settings that work and use them again at every gig. All I do at most gigs now is recall my settings and adjust the master volume. You'll also have an output so each band member can have their own monitoring if they want it. Most of them will record the gig for you and let you mix it down later. You'll also be able to mix from anywhere in the room. If you are starting from scratch they are probably simpler to learn than an ana logue desk.

I've not read the whole thread but thought it worth sharing. Probably the best drummer I ever played with had Alzheimers. It was a startup band of experienced musicians (god knows how I ended up there) and some of the best music I ever played. We didn't know about this initially. He absolutely nailed the songs of his youth but struggled with anything he didn't already know and the problem was with arrangements, his muscle memory was fantastic and all his licks were completely intact. That was 10 years ago and he is still playing but sticking to 60s and 70's standards plus a bit of blues. If he is struggleng with memory it doesn't necessarily progress quickly and being a musician is genuinely protective, yet another study reported in this weeks New Scientist It looks like you want to support your bandmate and that is terrific. Just playing will slow the advance of Alzheimers if that is what it is and he was probably really scared of telling you. If I had a tight band doing 43 gigs a year I'd definitely keep it going. It gets harder to find new bands as you get older, I'm in my 70's and still fit but you don't know what is round the corner. New bands can be so political too until everyone settles in. Treasure what you already have.

The SW Bass Bash in Taunton has been running for several years. Again it's a village hall but quite sizeable and with side rooms. We've had Luthiers and small manufacturers on display and I've run amp and speaker shootouts but the main event* is everybody setting up their favourite gear and people getting the chance to try things. It's wonderfully noisy and cheerful and reaffirms your faith in humanity. You can track all this in the Events section of BC. *Actually the main event is the magnificent buffet lunch, but the SW has Mrs Scrumpy and you won't 😁

Hi @ped I think this is one of the threads that should be pinned, it's a matter of operating legally or illegally after all, surely information we should all have available to us . I'm a heavy user of Bass Chat and had never found this thread until today. I do take your point about forums (fora?) needing to be organic places but Bass Chat has grown to be so much more than that and surely there is a place for the more considered 'Wiki' pieces where someone with expertise has taken the trouble to write a more cosidered post. Is there a way to have the more 'substantial' contributions available to newcomers to BC rather than some of the (ahem) less well informed kickabout that happens in the general debate that goes on. It's the nature of something this well written that we just need to read it and out questions and comments become less frequent and it disappears because even people as voluble as me realise there is nothing to add.

This is probably your best place for information Your choice is fairly simple; digital or analogue. The digital systems hava a tiny delay called latency, it isn't enough for you to hear or to put you off on its own but all the delays in the chain add up so if you have digital wireless in-ears and a digital mixer it might become a problem. Some people are more sensitive to this than others. Analogue loses this problem but then the problem is that the signal is compressed for transmission and expanded when it gets to the receiver, in the best systems you won't notice but cheaper systems degrade your sound a little. Some of the best systems work on frequencies that need a licence. You probably need to look at what other band members are using, wireless kit share frequency bands and you can run out of space and get interference. 2.4G will run out before 5.8G for example. @EBS_freak is our expert on all things wireless so have a look at that thread

It's insane just how much amp you get for your money nowadays. I use my baby Gnome as first choice amp nowadays as it sits in my gig bag. It was meant to be backup but the 'real' amps usually end up left in the van.

You should just use an ordinary XLR 'mic' lead to connect to your interface. If you are already using a mic and don't have a spare input you can use an XLR to TRS jack to plug into the guitar input on the interface but a mic lead is better. I use my Gnome's DI out at every gig and it's a good'un. Keep the volume down when you start but the output from my (non-pro) Gnome isn't very hot, much lower than that from my SansAmp so I doubt you'll have trouble. The USB is at the end of an inbuilt interface so it's a digital output and should work plugging into a USB input in your computer but won't work with the audio inputs on your interface. That speaker looks very familiar Have fun