I learned 'clawhammer' some 50 years ago from my first guitar book. Basically thumbed bass alternates with a pattern strummed with the fingernails.
AI sayeth:
Clawhammer" can refer to two distinct things: a type of hammer used in woodworking and a distinctive banjo playing style. The claw hammer, with its curved claws, is primarily used for driving and removing nails from wood. Clawhammer, as a banjo technique, is a rhythmic style where the strings are struck with the back of the fingernail and then plucked with the thumb, often associated with old-time music.
Clawhammer (the hammer):
Purpose: Driving nails into wood and pulling them out.
Design: Features a head with a flat face for hammering and curved claws for prying nails.
Suitable for: Woodworking and general tasks where nails need to be driven or removed.
Not suitable for: Heavy hammering on metal surfaces, as the head can be brittle.
Clawhammer (the banjo style):
Origin: A traditional American old-time music style with roots in West African banjo playing.
Technique: The hand is held in a claw-like shape, and the strings are struck with the back of the fingernail (index or middle finger) while the thumb plucks strings alternately.
Sound: Produces a distinctive percussive and rhythmic sound, often described as mellow.
Banjos: Typically played on open-back banjos, which emphasize the mellow tone.
Other names: Also known as "frailing," "down-picking," or "overhand".