As a first mic, id recommend a Shure SM57, you should be able to find one new under your budget. It is really easy to get a good sound (unlike a cheap LDC) and can be used on most instruments and vocals alike. It's a dynamic mic, which won't require phantom powering. The SM57 has the same capsule as a SM58, just in a more versatile package. Most Pro studios have at least one SM57 in their mic cupboard - they are like the Swiss Army knife of mics!
For an interface, i'd really recommend something from Focusrite -> not just because their quality is top notch, but also the support of their products, they really do set the bar for taking care of their customers. The 2i2 model seems very popular (or one of the bigger interfaces if you need more inputs).